Livestock vaccine coverage is likely not sufficient to prevent the spread of serious animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and Newcastle disease, according to a first-of-its-kind effort to quantify global livestock vaccination rates.
The analysis concluded that just under 17% of the world's cattle were vaccinated against foot and mouth disease in 2025, with about 34% vaccinated against lumpy skin disease, 12% against anthrax, and 8% against rabies. Among pigs, just 7% were vaccinated against classical swine fever, 5% against anthrax and 8% against rabies. Poultry saw some of the higher vaccination rates, with 17% vaccinated against infectious bronchitis and 18% against Newcastle disease, according to a report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
